The COVID-19 pandemic has led many countries to implement lockdowns.
Optimism definition psychology how to#
The seriousness of the risk, unpredictability of the situation, and uncertainty about how to control the disease make the situation especially stressful. The coronavirus outbreak that started in December 2019 has caused significant disruptions to people’s lives around the world. Themes: COVID-19: psychological challengesĬOVID-19 pandemic, constructive optimism, defensive optimism, dispositional optimism, autonomous motivation, stay-at-home orders, gender, well-being These results contribute to self-determination theory, considering the role of personality factors in determining motivation. Dispositional optimism together with situation-specific constructive and defensive types of optimism are essential for explaining the health-related behavior and its motivation. Structural equation modeling revealed the effect of gender on adherence to the recommendation (higher in women), mediated by different types of optimism and autonomous motivation.Ĭonclusion. Results. The findings demonstrate that constructive optimism and its underlying dispositional optimism predict both autonomous motivation and adherence to the recommendation to stay at home, while defensive optimism produces the opposite, undermining effects. An online survey was completed by 1,403 young adults (68% women) during the first month of lockdown. A correlational (cross-sectional) study was conducted to measure adherence to the recommendation to stay at home, autonomous motivation, dispositional optimism, constructive optimism, and defensive optimism. To investigate dispositional optimism and two kinds of specific optimism as predictors of autonomous motivation to follow stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of Russian young adults: constructive optimism, meaning belief in the role of effort and defensive optimism, meaning unrealistic expectations and denial that a problem exists.ĭesign. Investigations related to unrealistic optimism, on the other hand, revealed that they may have both positive and negative consequences. Dispositional optimism is known to be protective of well-being and is related to adaptive coping strategies.
This study is based on self-determination theory and the research on dispositional optimism and unrealistic optimism.
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